UV-Vis Double-Beam Spectrophotometer Simulator

⚛️ Molecular Orbital Transitions & Chromophores

Click any electronic transition to inspect its quantum jump, typical absorption wavelength, and real lab compounds:

Dipole-allowed transition in conjugated unsaturated systems (alkenes, aromatics, carbonyls). High molar absorptivity (ε ≈ 10,000 – 100,000 L·mol⁻¹·cm⁻¹).

💡 Optimal linear assay range is 0.2 – 1.5 AU. Above 2.0 AU, dilute your sample to restore Beer-Lambert linearity.

📊 Derivative Spectroscopy Masterclass (dA/dλ & d²A/dλ²)

Resolve heavily overlapping multicomponent drug peaks (e.g. Paracetamol + Caffeine) without physical HPLC separation:

Standard absorbance spectrum showing broad, overlapping Gaussian bands. Minor components appear only as subtle shoulders on larger peaks.

• Zero-Crossing Points: In 1st derivative ($dA/d\lambda = 0$), exact inflection and peak apex positions are pinpointed.
• Negative Minima in 2nd Deriv: Absorption peaks invert into sharp negative troughs with dramatically enhanced resolution ($W_{1/2} \approx 0.53 \times W$).
• Turbidity Elimination: Constant baseline offsets ($\frac{d(C)}{d\lambda} = 0$) drop out completely.